DoubleZero Research

Thoughts, stories and ideas.

A Guide to the DoubleZero Delegation Program (DZDP)

DoubleZero has established a Solana stake pool with an initial deposit of 3,000,000 SOL to accelerate validator growth and performance across the Solana ecosystem. In this first phase, stake is delegated to Solana validators actively connected to the DoubleZero network during testnet. These early delegations lay the groundwork for broader decentralization ahead of the DoubleZero mainnet-beta launch this fall. All validators are invited to participate in DoubleZero’s testnet, and the stake pool.

Jul 31, 2025•3 min read

DoubleZero Establishes 3M SOL dzSOL Stake Pool to Expand High-Performance Fiber Network

DoubleZero, a high-performance fiber network powering the next evolution of blockchain, has established a 3,000,000 SOL stake pool to accelerate validator growth and performance across the Solana ecosystem.

Jul 30, 2025•2 min read

Scaling Solana: From Turbine to Multicast

Unlike Turbine, multicast aggressively optimizes block propagation on Solana around geography and specialized hardware. Rather than taking multiple hops around the globe (as they might under Turbine), blocks travel on the shortest path from leaders to recipients.

Jul 02, 2025•5 min read

DoubleZero introduces Multicast Support: smarter, faster data delivery for distributed systems

Today, DoubleZero client software v0.2.2 was released to testnet introducing the user interface for interacting with multicast on the DoubleZero network. This release sets the stage for development teams to begin proof-of-concept and pilot testing...

Jun 30, 2025•3 min read

Multiple Concurrent Leaders Can Save Decentralization

A blockchain with multiple concurrent leaders forces validators to compete explicitly on geography, so that they can capture different information shocks (and earn healthy profits) rather than duplicating one another's efforts. This leads to geography being organically incentivized.

Jun 18, 2025•4 min read

Proof of Utility

Rather than hewing to traditional PoW or PoS models, DoubleZero implements "Proof of Utility." Rewards are paid out in proportion to useful work done, above and beyond the work done by other participants, which ensures the protocol remains dynamic over contribution type and contribution time.

Jun 05, 2025•7 min read

Integrity in the Rewards Model

DoubleZero defends against two concerns — an over-concentration of power and inorganic traffic — by removing a certain percentage of the rewards from circulation.

May 29, 2025•4 min read

Data Analytics on Indication Forms for the 2Z Sale to Validators

As Phase 1 of the 2Z sale to validators is complete, we summarize data for interested readers in the spirit of transparency.

Apr 15, 2025•3 min read

A Primer to the 2Z Token

What is the 2Z token? How does it flow through the protocol, and what principles does it achieve?

Apr 10, 2025•2 min read

DoubleZero Token Sale for Validators: April 2-April 22

DoubleZero Foundation partners with CoinList to launch a global, multi-ecosystem validator token sale

Apr 02, 2025•5 min read

Dissuading Inorganic Traffic

To disincentivize network contributors from injecting inorganic packets, DoubleZero burns rewards at a rate that can be computed by the rewards methodology.

Mar 31, 2025•6 min read

Value and Prices for Solana Validators

Rather than charging per packet, DoubleZero sets fees for Solana validators at 5% of their consensus-related revenue streams. This pays for the infrastructure needed to support larger blocks, faster slot times, better transaction delivery, wider geographic reach, and more.

Mar 28, 2025•7 min read

Inflation and Network Security

DoubleZero uses inflation to pay for common security, calibrating the short-run rate to adjust in response to the supply of staked tokens and adjusting the long-run rate based on tokens burned for security.

Mar 27, 2025•3 min read

The Duality of DoubleZero Staking

Staking on DoubleZero must balance heterogeneity in link quality and homogeneity in overhead. For the former, network contributors provide some collateral after which traffic is routed freely over the network. The latter looks like a more traditional staking system, with work proportional to stake.

Mar 27, 2025•4 min read

Rewards to Network Contributors

DoubleZero uses a Shapley value-based rewards model to pay providers, assessing each network contributor's marginal contribution to network speed and throughput versus using the public internet fallback. This replaces simpler traffic-carried models, which do not scale or set the right incentives.

Feb 16, 2025•10 min read